Terminology

Glossary/Task Definition Project

This list of acronyms and definitions was initially supplied by MultiLingual Computing & Technology Magazine. Some entries were added or modified by the GALA Glossary Group.


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A

Abductive Reasoning:
 This term is used in the fields of artificial intelligence and philosophy to refer to reasoning based on possible or hypothesized causes or explanations. It involves inferring the best or most plausible explanation from a given set of facts or data.
  
Ablaut:
 From German ab-: off + laut: sound, a vowel change accompanying a change in grammatical function. For example, the vowel change in English from i to a to u in sing (present tense), sang (preterite), sung (past participle) is referred to as an ablaut. In linguistics ablaut is also called vowel gradation.
  
Accent Mark:
 See diacritic mark.
  
ACE:
 Automatic Content Enrichment
  
ACL:
 Association for Computational Linguistics
  
ACL:
 Association for Computational Linguistics. The international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving natural language and computation.
  
ADR:
 automated dialog replacement
  
Agglutination:
 In linguistics, combining short words or word elements into a single word in order to express compound ideas.
  
AI:
 Artificial Intelligence
  
ALC:
 Association of Language Companies
  
American National Standards Institute (ANSI):
 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is an organization of American industry groups that work with other nations to develop standards in facilitating telecommunications, character encoding and international trade.
  
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII):
 The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is the worldwide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the uppercase and lowercase Latin letters, numbers, punctuation and other symbols.
  
AMT:
 Automated Machine Translation
  
AMT:
 Automated Machine Translation (AMT) and Caterpillar Technical English (CTE) are development project collaborations between Caterpillar, Inc., and Carnegie Mellon University to further improve the creation and translation of technical documentation into three core languages: Spanish, French and German.
  
ANSI:
 American National Standards Institute
  
APDU:
 Application Protocol Data Unit
  
API:
 Application Programming Interface
  
Application programming interface (API ):
 A software interface that enables applications to communicate with each other. An API is the set of programming language constructs or statements that can be coded in an application program to obtain the specific functions and services provided by an underlying operating system or service program.
  
Application Service Provider (ASP):
 A service, usually a business, that provides remote access to an application program across a network protocol, typically HTTP. A common example is a Web site that other Web sites use for accepting payment by credit card as part of its on-line ordering systems.
  
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
 The field devoted to developing hardware and software that enable a computer to exhibit “intelligence” as defined and recognized by a consensus of human beings.
  
ASCII:
 American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  
ASP:
 Application Service Provider
  
Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL):
 The international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving natural language and computation.
  
ATA:
 American Translators Association
  
ATSUI:
 Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging
  
Authoring:
 An industry term for the process of creating a document. Authoring has come into use to emphasize that document production involves more than just writing, similarly to the use of term localization being more than “just translation”. Authoring may, for example, refer to creating a Web page using HTML codes to format images and text, or the process of designing, creating, capturing, editing, and integrating information for a CD or DVD in special format. Or it may refer creating a database for a CD or DVD using tagging and indexing that generates a search and retrieval document.
  
Automated Machine Translation (AMT):
 Automated Machine Translation (AMT) and Caterpillar Technical English (CTE) are development project collaborations between Caterpillar, Inc., and Carnegie Mellon University to further improve the creation and translation of technical documentation into three core languages: Spanish, French and German.
  
Automatic Content Enrichment (ACE):
 A bridge between single language Web sites and localization, ACE technology associates English words and phrases on Web pages with pop-ups containing information in a user’s native language.